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# gearupaction.org

## Sitemaps

- [XML Sitemap](https://gearupaction.org/sitemap.xml): Contains all public & indexable URLs for this website.

## Posts

- [New Lancet paper on antimicrobial resistance and urban informal settlements](https://gearupaction.org/invisible-nexus-of-antimicrobial-resistance-and-urban-informal-settlements/) - Almost 70% of the global population has been projected to live in urban areas by 2050, but antimicrobial resistance in these communities is overlooked.
- [Reflexivity on Gender and Equity in the WHO GLASS 2025 Report](https://gearupaction.org/reflexivity-on-gender-and-equity-in-the-who-glass-2025-report/) - Written by Susan Okioma, Anne Ngunjiri, Jane Thiomi, Cleophas Ondieki, Rosie Steege and Katy Davis. The WHO Global Antimicrobial Resistance and Use Surveillance System (GLASS) 2025 report marks an important milestone in strengthening global antimicrobial resistance (AMR) surveillance. It reflects WHO’s increasing commitment to ensure that AMR responses are inclusive, equitable, and informed by real-world
- [Antibiotics and childhood illness: Everyday realities of caregivers in Nairobi’s informal settlements](https://gearupaction.org/antibiotics-and-childhood-illness-everyday-realities-of-caregivers-in-nairobis-informal-settlements/) - In this blog Sammy Gachigua and Anne Ngunjiri describe both the crucial role of caregivers in acting on AMR and the realities of life in informal settlements which make medicine use fraught. Walking through Nairobi’s informal settlements, you cannot miss the resilience of families who raise young children in the midst of immense challenges. Mothers
- [The unrecognised role of Community Health Promoters in the AMR response in informal settlements](https://gearupaction.org/the-unrecognised-role-of-community-health-promoters-in-the-amr-response-in-informal-settlements/) - This blog by Sammy Gachigua and Anne Ngunjiri explores how community health workers play a key role in health information on AMR and connecting very vulnerable communities to the health system by creating trusting relationships. It suggests ways in which this role could be formalised and supported by the state. When you step into Nairobi’s informal
- [Women as primary change agents in the AMR response in informal settlements](https://gearupaction.org/women-as-primary-change-agents-in-the-amr-response-in-informal-settlements/) - This blog, written by Sammy Gachigua and Anne Ngunjiri explores how women are acting as change agents in the response to Anti-Microbial Resistance in Kenya’s informal settlements. Despite the challenges they are making tough decisions and caring for their families with very little knowledge of AMR or support to alter the environmental and structural factors that
- [Delving below the tip of the iceberg: Tackling gender and antimicrobial resistance](https://gearupaction.org/delving-below-the-tip-of-the-iceberg-tackling-gender-and-antimicrobial-resistance/) - By Kate Hawkins Reports on the perils of antimicrobial resistance are becoming increasingly dire. Just this week the World Health Organization has warned that one in six bacterial infections is antibiotic-resistant. But this vulnerability and burden is not evenly distributed, low- and middle-income countries, with weak health systems are particularly affected. In affected countries some
- [Webinar: equity analysis using AMR surveillance data](https://gearupaction.org/webinar-equity-analysis-using-amr-surveillance-data/) - This blog post, by Meenakshi Monga and Ralalicia Limato, brings us up to speed on a recent GEAR up webinar on the use of surveillance data. Speakers from Lao PDR and Tanzania provided real-world examples and there was plenty of time for questions and answers! In early 2025, the GEAR-UP team travelled to Tanzania, Lao
- [The Journey to Equity: Using Art to Reframe AMR through a Gender Lens](https://gearupaction.org/the-journey-to-equity-using-art-to-reframe-amr-through-a-gender-lens/) - In this reflective video, Professor Sally Theobald from the Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine joins the GEAR Up project to spotlight the urgent need for gender equity in addressing antimicrobial resistance (AMR). She explains that AMR research has traditionally been dominated by biomedical, laboratory-based approaches - often missing the broader social and gendered realities that
- [Groundbreaking gender and antimicrobial resistance project wins art prize with collage](https://gearupaction.org/groundbreaking-gender-and-antimicrobial-resistance-project-wins-art-prize-with-collage/) - GEAR up, supported by the UK aid Fleming Fund, is a groundbreaking research consortium looking at links between gender, equity and antimicrobial resistance (AMR), which has been named as a finalist for the ReAct Africa Art Prize for their work presented in a collage. This recognition highlights the importance of the project’s innovative communications approach.
- [Putting inclusion at the heart of AMR: Uganda’s journey towards gender-responsive AMR surveillance](https://gearupaction.org/putting-inclusion-at-the-heart-of-amr-ugandas-journey-towards-gender-responsive-amr-surveillance/) - By collecting disaggregated data and involving diverse stakeholders, Uganda is setting a precedent for inclusive, gender-responsive AMR strategies in Africa. In this blog by Susan Okioma, Anne Ngunjiri, Anthony Mwaniki and Rogers Kisame talk about LVCT Health's recent successful monitoring and evaluation trip to Uganda. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a silent yet a growing crisis
- [Gendered vulnerabilities to infectious disease: A call to action for global health equity](https://gearupaction.org/gendered-vulnerabilities-to-infectious-disease-a-call-to-action-for-global-health-equity/) - GEAR up colleagues Meenakshi Monga and Katy Davis give in-depth report back from last month’s ‘Gendered vulnerabilities to infectious disease: A call to action for global health equity’ webinar. Gender profoundly influences health outcomes globally, with women and girls bearing a disproportionate burden of infectious disease, due to complex biological, social, and economic factors forming
- [Shifting the focus: A Human-Centered Design approach to tackling antimicrobial resistance in Uganda ](https://gearupaction.org/shifting-the-focus-a-human-centered-design-approach-to-tackling-antimicrobial-resistance-in-uganda/) - In this blog post, Michael Gaitho, a Gender Expert from LVCT Health with a deep passion for global health and sustainable development, shares his insights into Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR). He reflects on his recent time spent in Uganda, collaborating with colleagues to refine strategies that ensure effective interventions in AMR programming. AMR is one of
- [International Women's Day: Fighting AMR and empowering women across the life course](https://gearupaction.org/international-womens-day-fighting-amr-and-empowering-women-across-the-life-course/) - This International Women's Day our colleague Meenakshi Monga explains that it's a time to celebrate progress, but also an opportunity to confront the persistent inequalities that hold women back. One crucial, often overlooked, area is the gender-specific impacts of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) on women. AMR is a growing global threat, posing serious challenges to health,
- [Moving beyond bugs and drugs: Integrating gender and equity in AMR programmes in Uganda](https://gearupaction.org/moving-beyond-bugs-and-drugs-integrating-gender-and-equity-in-amr-programmes-in-uganda/) - In this blog Susan Okioma and Anne Ngunjiri discuss their time spent in Uganda during World AMR Awareness Week, with the National AMR Sub-Committee, looking at Uganda's National AMR Action Plan and integrating gender and equity into AMR programming. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is one of the most pressing global health challenges, threatening decades of medical
- [GEAR up discusses One Health at HSR 2024](https://gearupaction.org/gear-up-discusses-one-health-at-hsr-2024/) - Last month GEAR up’s Rosie Steege presented on gender, equity and AMR at the 8th Global Symposium on Health Systems Research in Nagasaki, as part of a session on social, environmental and ecological justice concerns. Rosie opened by highlighting the fact that ‘One Health’ centres the interconnectedness of animals, humans and the environment. In doing so,
- [GEAR up team members present at Fleming Fund Fellows Symposium](https://gearupaction.org/gear-up-team-members-present-at-fleming-fund-fellows-symposium/) - Earlier this month GEAR up team members were invited to present to Fleming Fund Fellows – policy makers, practitioners and influencers who are participating in a scheme of professional development and capacity strengthening around AMR in Fleming Fund countries. In this blog Katy Davis reports back on the session's panel discussion . Gender and equity
- [Key takeaways and next steps from our workshop on gender and equity within AMR in Indonesia](https://gearupaction.org/key-takeaways-and-next-steps-from-our-workshop-on-gender-and-equity-within-amr-in-indonesia/) - A productive workshop focused on addressing the intersections of gender, equity, and antimicrobial resistance (AMR)
- [Three key takeaways from the 8th World One Health Congress, Cape Town](https://gearupaction.org/three-key-takeaways-from-the-8th-world-one-health-congress-cape-town/) - Our colleagues Katy Davis, Rosie Steege and Webster Mavhu recently attended the 8th World One Health Congress in Cape Town on behalf of the GEAR up consortium. In this blog they outline three key takeaways from their time at the conference. The 8th World One Health Congress (WOHC) recently took place in Cape Town –

## Pages

- [A critical moment in gender, equity and AMR](https://gearupaction.org/) - A critical moment in gender, equity and AMR (Antimicrobial resistance). We aim to increase awareness, and contribute to the knowledge, on structural inequities.
- [Landscape analysis reports on gender, equity and AMR](https://gearupaction.org/country-analysis-of-gender-equity-and-amr/) - Landscape analysis reports on gender, equity and AMR As the GEAR up project comes to an end in 2026 we have synthesised learning from across our focus countries or surveyed the landscape. The aim was to identify key themes relating to gender, equity and AMR across One Health and to highlight gaps and opportunities for more
- [Equity analysis for antimicrobial resistance and antimicrobial use surveillance data](https://gearupaction.org/equity-analysis-for-antimicrobial-resistance-and-antimicrobial-use-surveillance-data-2/) - AMR and antimicrobial use surveillance data is routinely collected across many countries, but sex, age, and other social stratifiers are rarely analysed or reported. This case study describes how GEAR Up worked with country partners in Lao PDR, Ghana, Uganda, and Tanzania to apply an equity lens to existing AMR and AMU surveillance data, and
- [About us: Our partners](https://gearupaction.org/our-partners/) - Our partners Centre for Sexual Health and HIV/AIDS Research (CeSHHAR), Zimbabwe The Centre for Sexual Health & HIV/AIDS Research (CeSHHAR) was registered as a trust in 2012, and as a Private Voluntary Organisation (PVO) with Ministry of Public Service, Labour and Social Welfare in 2014. CeSHHAR conducts research, delivers programmes, and strengthens capacity to inform
- [Tools & resources - Search results](https://gearupaction.org/search-results/) - Tools and resources Tools and resources Search results
- [News](https://gearupaction.org/news/) - News News
- [Tools and resources](https://gearupaction.org/tools-resources/) - Tools and resources No results found. Edit Search Form Country Show All International (18) Type Show All Blog (1) Guidance (2) Journal article (9) Paper (2) Poster (1) Report (1) Toolkit (2)
- [](https://gearupaction.org/amr-across-lifecycle-the-life-of-rani/) - AMR across lifecycle: The life of Rani The following scenario has been developed by GEAR up to illustrate the ways in which gender and other inequities shape susceptibility to, exposure to, and treatment of AMR through the life course. Rani is a fictional character, but her experience is based on reality. Infancy: Rani’s life began in
- [About us: Our team](https://gearupaction.org/our-team/) - Our team Dr Webster Mavhu Dr Webster Mavhu is a social scientist and global health practitioner with a joint appointment between LSTM (where he is a reader in global health and social science) and CeSHHAR (where he is Director, SRH & MNCH). Over the past two decades, Dr Mavhu has been conducting implementation research to inform
- [Picturing gender, equity and AMR in collage](https://gearupaction.org/picturing-gender-equity-and-amr-in-collage/) - Picturing gender, equity and AMR in collage In 2025 the GEAR up team came together in a series of meetings to visualise their work. Comprised of researchers from Africa, Asia and Europe we shared our hopes and fears on the context of our work, considered the impact we would like to have and tried to
- [test](https://gearupaction.org/test/)
- [About us: Our vision](https://gearupaction.org/our-vision/) - GEAR up seeks to catalyse action on gender and equity within AMR through supporting Fleming Fund country grantees to mainstream gender and equity within routine AMR systems and structures.
- [A critical moment in gender, equity and AMR Copy](https://gearupaction.org/gender-equity-and-amr-2/) - Gender, equity and AMR: GEAR up seeks to catalyse action on gender and equity within AMR through supporting Fleming Fund country grantees to mainstream gender and equity within routine AMR systems and structures. Gender, equity and AMR We aim to increase awareness, and contribute to the knowledge, on structural inequities driving and shaping the AMR
- [Contact](https://gearupaction.org/contact/) - Contact Contact
- [Home](https://gearupaction.org/home/) - Website coming soon.

## Layout Parts

- [contact form](https://gearupaction.org/tbuilder-layout-part/contact-form/) - Get in touch with us... Name * Email * Subject * Message Send
- [logos](https://gearupaction.org/tbuilder-layout-part/logos/) - GEAR up is funded by the Department of Health and Social Care (DHSC)’s Fleming Fund using UK aid. The views expressed on this website are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the UK DHSC or its Management Agent, Mott MacDonald.
- [logo pill Copy](https://gearupaction.org/tbuilder-layout-part/logo-pill-2/)
- [logo pill](https://gearupaction.org/tbuilder-layout-part/logo-pill/)

## tools and resources

- [Landscape analysis of Sierra Leone](https://gearupaction.org/tools-and-resources/landscape-analysis-of-sierra-leone/) - There is a lack of evidence on the equity dimensions of AMR in Sierra Leone and further research into the social drivers of AMR within Sierra Leone is needed.
- [Landscape analysis of Indonesia](https://gearupaction.org/tools-and-resources/landscape-analysis-of-indonesia/) - Gender and equity are not adequately addressed in the Indonesia AMR response. Efforts to address AMR are hospital-centred, and focused on inpatient care.
- [Landscape analysis of Uganda](https://gearupaction.org/tools-and-resources/landscape-analysis-of-uganda/) - Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses a major and growing threat to public health in Uganda, with significant implications across human, animal, and environmental sectors. While Uganda made notable progress in aligning their AMR strategies with global frameworks such as the WHO Global Action Plan and Global Antimicrobial Resistance and Use Surveillance System (GLASS), the integration of Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses a major and growing threat to public health in Uganda, with significant implications across sectors.
- [GEAR up links and Resources](https://gearupaction.org/tools-and-resources/gear-up-links-and-resources/) - In this short leaflet we summarise the main outputs from GEAR up's work on antimicrobial resistance. These include webinar recordings, how-to guides, briefs and case studies. Links and resourcesDownload
- [Mainstreaming equity in AMR policy in Uganda and Bangladesh](https://gearupaction.org/tools-and-resources/mainstreaming-equity-in-amr-policy-in-uganda-and-bangladesh-2/) - AMR policy has long been gender-blind, and this case study documents our work to change that. In Uganda, GEAR Up partnered with the Ministry of Health to embed gender and equity provisions into the revised National Action Plan 2024–2029. In Bangladesh, a scoping review of existing policy documents informed recommended changes to the National AMR
- [Equity analysis for antimicrobial resistance and antimicrobial use surveillance data](https://gearupaction.org/tools-and-resources/equity-analysis-for-antimicrobial-resistance-and-antimicrobial-use-surveillance-data-2/) - AMR and antimicrobial use surveillance data is routinely collected across many countries, but sex, age, and other social stratifiers are rarely analysed or reported. This case study describes how GEAR Up worked with country partners in Lao PDR, Ghana, Uganda, and Tanzania to apply an equity lens to existing AMR and AMU surveillance data, and
- [Community Understanding and Knowledge of AMR and Antimicrobial Use in Raila Informal Settlement (Nairobi, Kenya)](https://gearupaction.org/tools-and-resources/community-understanding-and-knowledge-of-amr-and-antimicrobial-use-in-raila-informal-settlement-nairobi-kenya/) - A short, community-grounded snapshot of how people in Raila informal settlement understand antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and use antibiotics in everyday life. Drawing on 12 Kiswahili discussion groups, it highlights very low awareness of AMR, common misunderstandings when treatment fails (e.g., medicines seen as “fake” or “weak”), and widespread self-medication and over-the-counter antibiotic purchasing. It also
- [Conducting research into the intersections of gender and AMR](https://gearupaction.org/tools-and-resources/conducting-research-into-the-intersections-of-gender-and-amr-2/) - This case study explores how GEAR Up is building the evidence base on gender, equity, and AMR across two country contexts. In Zimbabwe, surveillance research with key population groups reveals high rates of gonorrhoea misdiagnosis and the urgent need for point-of-care diagnostics. In Bangladesh, qualitative research in Dhaka's informal settlements uncovers how poverty, gender norms,
- [Antimicrobial resistance: A photovoice study on medicine use in informal settlements in Nairobi](https://gearupaction.org/tools-and-resources/antimicrobial-resistance-a-photovoice-study-on-medicine-use-in-informal-settlements-in-nairobi/) - What drives medicine use in informal settlements, and what does that mean for antimicrobial resistance? This photovoice study, conducted by LVCT Health as part of the GEAR Up project, puts community members at the centre of the research. Over three weeks in Nairobi's Raila Village, residents of Mugumoini Ward documented their own experiences of accessing
- [Embedding Gender and Equity in Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) Policy and Surveillance - Insights from Kenya](https://gearupaction.org/tools-and-resources/embedding-gender-and-equity-in-antimicrobial-resistance-amr-policy-and-surveillance-insights-from-kenya-2/) - A policy analysis exploring how well gender, equity, and social context are integrated into Kenya’s AMR National Action Plan, strategic documents, and facility-level surveillance tools – using an intersectional gender and equity framework and drawing lessons from Uganda as a comparative case. The resource finds that while Kenya’s AMR strategy is technically strong biomedically, gender
- [Antimicrobial resistance, equity and justice in low- and middle-income countries: an intersectional critical interpretive synthesis](https://gearupaction.org/tools-and-resources/antimicrobial-resistance-equity-and-justice-in-low-and-middle-income-countries-an-intersectional-critical-interpretive-synthesis/) - Abstract Global inequities in the burden of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), between and within populations, are heavily influenced by the social and structural determinants of health. Yet, AMR action has had limited attention to equity, and social approaches to AMR haven’t routinely gone beyond an exploration of knowledge and awareness around ABU. This represents a missed
- [Guidance on analysing bacteriology laboratory and antimicrobial use data](https://gearupaction.org/tools-and-resources/guidance-on-analysing-bacteriology-laboratory-and-antimicrobial-use-data/) - Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a major global public health problem that makes antimicrobial drugs less effective and leads to higher illness, death, and healthcare costs. One of the important components of addressing AMR is systematic collection, analysis, and interpretation of AMR and antimicrobial use (AMU) data to inform evidence-based interventions. However, current AMR and AMU
- [Key achievements from the GEAR up consortium](https://gearupaction.org/tools-and-resources/key-achievements-from-the-gear-up-consortium-2/) - This poster was prepared for two events; the Fleming Fund Learning Summit and Leaving no one behind in AMR research, policy and practice: Integrating gender and equity in AMR One Health Solutions which was organised by the FAO. Key achievements from the GEAR up consortiumDownload
- [The role of gender in antimicrobial resistance: Findings from a scoping review](https://gearupaction.org/tools-and-resources/the-role-of-gender-in-antimicrobial-resistance-findings-from-a-scoping-review/) - ABSTRACT Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a growing global health threat requiring a strong focus on equity. This scoping review aimed to document the evidence to outline recommendations for gender-responsive AMR policies, programmes, and interventions aligned with the World Health Organization’s People-centered approach to addressing AMR in the human health sector. We collected academic and grey literature published
- [Intersectional indicators in surveillance of antimicrobial resistance and use](https://gearupaction.org/tools-and-resources/intersections-indicators-in-surveillance-of-antimicrobial-resistance-and-use/) - Why is it important? Collecting and disaggregating data by sex, age, and other variables can provide essential insights into the drivers of health inequities. These indicators can make the inequitable burden of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) within and between groups visible and can inform the design of interventions that address the root causes of AMR.Aggregated datasets
- [Integrating gender and equity commitments in the revised global action plan on antimicrobial resistance](https://gearupaction.org/tools-and-resources/integrating-gender-and-equity-commitments-in-the-revised-global-action-plan-on-antimicrobial-resistance/) - Since its introduction in 2015, the global action plan (GAP) on antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has guided the global response to AMR and the development of 178 national action plans (NAPs). However, GAP and most NAPs do not recognise key social and structuraldrivers of AMR. This is despite growing evidence on the crucial role of gender
- [Webinar: What's Gender Got To Do With It?](https://gearupaction.org/tools-and-resources/webinar-whats-gender-got-to-do-with-it/) - This thought-provoking webinar explores the critical, yet often overlooked, role of gender in the fight against antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in animal health systems. Hosted by the Gear Up Consortium in collaboration with the Fleming Fund, the session brings together global experts to discuss how gender norms and inequities shape exposure to AMR risks, access to
- [Guidance for Gender-Responsive National Action Plans](https://gearupaction.org/tools-and-resources/guidance-for-gender-responsive-national-action-plans/) - While gender plays an important role in a person’s risk of exposure and vulnerability to drug-resistant infections, few national action plans (NAPs) on AMR include gender considerations. The detrimental impacts of AMR are not evenly distributed across populations, and disparities, including those based on gender, are evident. Despite the profound implications of this gendered impact,
- [Gender transformative innovation: Women's inclusion in livestock vaccine systems in northern Ghana](https://gearupaction.org/tools-and-resources/gender-transformative-innovation-womens-inclusion-in-livestock-vaccine-systems-in-northern-ghana/) - Abstract Context Owning livestock can support women's empowerment and progress toward gender-equitable agri-food systems. Gender inequality, however, can reduce women's ownership of livestock and access to animal vaccines. Gender accommodative approaches (GAAs), and more recently gender transformative approaches (GTAs), are increasingly implemented in development interventions. However, their impact on women's empowerment has not been systematically tested. Here, we
- [Increasing access to and uptake of livestock vaccines and women’s empowerment with gender-responsive vaccine delivery systems](https://gearupaction.org/tools-and-resources/increasing-access-to-and-uptake-of-livestock-vaccines-and-womens-empowerment-with-gender-responsive-vaccine-delivery-systems/) - Abstract There are persistent and significant gender gaps in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) which negatively impact productivity, food security and livelihoods. Livestock, particularly chickens, sheep and goats, are essential to sustain livelihoods and nutrition in rural areas of LMICs. They are particularly important to the livelihoods of women and their households given that women
- [Webinar in Bangladesh: Antimicrobial Resistance - What's gender and equity got to do with it?](https://gearupaction.org/tools-and-resources/webinar-in-bangladesh-antimicrobial-resistance-whats-gender-and-equity-got-to-do-with-it/) - A GEAR up webinar on the importance of gender and equity in the study of antimicrobial resistance, in the context of Bangladesh. Hosted by Syeda Tahmina Ahmed from the James P Grant School of Public Health at BRAC University. With presentations from Dr Rosie Steege and Dr Katy Davis from Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine.
- [Antimicrobial resistance research collaborations in Asia: Challenges and opportunities to equitable partnerships](https://gearupaction.org/tools-and-resources/antimicrobial-resistance-research-collaborations-in-asia-challenges-and-opportunities-to-equitable-partnerships/) - Antimicrobial Resistance is recognised as a major threat to global health security. The WHO Southeast Asia region is dubbed a “global hub for AMR emergence”, as it runs the highest risk for AMR emergence among all WHO regions in Asia. Hence, there is a need for Asia-centric, collaborative AMR research aligned with the true needs
- [Putting gender upfront in One Health AMR research and implementation strategies](https://gearupaction.org/tools-and-resources/putting-gender-upfront-in-one-health-amr-research-and-implementation-strategies-2/) - This article highlights the lack of integration of gender and equity perspectives in antimicrobial resistance (AMR) research, particularly within the One Health framework that spans human, animal, and environmental health. Despite evidence that gender norms and roles shape behaviours related to antibiotic use and disease transmission, most AMR studies have remained biomedical, overlooking important social
- [Unpacking gendered dynamics in livestock vaccination: Toward more inclusive health strategies](https://gearupaction.org/tools-and-resources/unpacking-gendered-dynamics-in-livestock-vaccination-toward-more-inclusive-health-strategies/) - Livestock are vital to the health and economic stability of communities worldwide. However, infectious diseases threaten both animal and human health due to losses in livestock, decreased production, and transmission of zoonotic diseases. To manage and mitigate these risks, access to livestock vaccines is critical. This is often gendered, with societal and cultural norms influencing
- [Mapping socioeconomic factors driving antimicrobial resistance in humans: An umbrella review](https://gearupaction.org/tools-and-resources/mapping-socioeconomic-factors-driving-antimicrobial-resistance-in-humans-an-umbrella-review/) - Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is one of the biggest public health challenges of our time. National Action Plans have failed so far to effectively address socioeconomic drivers of AMR, including the animal and environmental health dimensions of One Health. The objective of this paper was to map what socioeconomic drivers of AMR exist in the literature
- [Understanding gender inequities in antimicrobial resistance: role of biology, behaviour and gender norms](https://gearupaction.org/tools-and-resources/understanding-gender-inequities-in-antimicrobial-resistance-role-of-biology-behaviour-and-gender-norms/) - Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses a critical public health threat, with gendered implications that are often overlooked. Key drivers of bacterial AMR include the misuse of antibiotics, inadequate water, sanitation and hygiene infrastructure and poor infection control practices. Persistent gender discrimination exacerbates these issues, resulting in disparities in healthcare access and outcomes. This review explores how biological, sociocultural and behavioural factors contribute to the differential incidence of AMR in women.
- [Including intersectional indicators within AMR surveillance (draft)](https://gearupaction.org/tools-and-resources/draft-including-intersectional-indicators-within-amr-surveillance/) - Collecting indicators that relate to multiple axes of inequity (including age, disability status, ethnicity and class for example) can then facilitate an intersectional approach, which explores how different social inequities and power relations interact dynamically. This may require the use of gender frameworks for data analysis and involve qualitative and mixed methods research that seeks
- [Addressing gender inequalities in national action plans on antimicrobial resistance](https://gearupaction.org/tools-and-resources/addressing-gender-inequalities-in-national-action-plans-on-antimicrobial-resistance/) - National action plans on antimicrobial resistance (AMR) often overlook the critical intersection of gender, despite evidence that exposure and susceptibility to infection, health-seeking behaviours, as well as antimicrobial prescribing and use patterns are all influenced by gender. This publication provides a summary of the evidence on AMR and gender and proposes 20 recommendations for policy-makers
- [Women and antimicrobial resistance](https://gearupaction.org/tools-and-resources/women-and-antimicrobial-resistance/) - A comprehensive understanding of the public health burden imposed by antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and the development of solutions to address it are only attainable when considering all factors that impact its emergence, transmission, and control. Gender is one such factor. Read the full blog: Women and antimicrobial resisitance featured on One Health Trust in 2023.
- [Incorporating intersectional gender analysis into research on infectious diseases of poverty: a toolkit for health researchers](https://gearupaction.org/tools-and-resources/incorporating-intersectional-gender-analysis-into-research-on-infectious-diseases-of-poverty-a-toolkit-for-health-researchers/) - This toolkit aims to strengthen the capacity of researchers working on infectious diseases of poverty by incorporating an intersectional gender approach. The objectives of this document are to:1) strengthen the research capacity of disease-affected countries in intersectional gender approaches;2) understand and address barriers to effective and quality implementation of health interventions oriented to prevent and
- [Practical pathways to integrating gender and equity considerations in antimicrobial resistance research](https://gearupaction.org/tools-and-resources/practical-pathways-to-integrating-gender-and-equity-considerations-in-antimicrobial-resistance-research/) - 'Practical pathways to integrating gender and equity considerations in antimicrobial resistance research' synthesises evidence on AMR, gender, and equity from both human and animal health perspectives. Functioning as an accessible resource, it was developed in collaboration with AMR researchers and global experts, drawing on practical examples and real-world experiences to ensure maximum relevance and user-friendliness. The
- [Tackling antimicrobial resistance together working paper 5.0: Enhancing the focus on gender and equity](https://gearupaction.org/tools-and-resources/tackling-antimicrobial-resistance-together-working-paper-5-0-enhancing-the-focus-on-gender-and-equity/) - This working paper aims to assist countries to take the first step towards better considering gender and equity issues in their efforts to tackle AMR, to inform the implementation of strategies in national action plans and contribute to improved reach and effectiveness of AMR efforts in the longer term. Unless we think about how AMR
- [Scoping the significance of gender for antibiotic resistance](https://gearupaction.org/tools-and-resources/scoping-the-significance-of-gender-for-antibiotic-resistance/) - This report explores the ways in which sex and gender interact with antibiotic resistance and makes the case for all actors engaged in addressing antibiotic resistance to undertake further work in this area. Given the current gap in data on both sex and gender in relation to antibiotic resistance, this is a necessary challenge which
- [Navigating sociocultural disparities in relation to infection and antibiotic resistance—the need for an intersectional approach ](https://gearupaction.org/tools-and-resources/navigating-sociocultural-disparities-in-relation-to-infection-and-antibiotic-resistance-the-need-for-an-intersectional-approach/) - One of the key drivers of antibiotic resistance (ABR) and drug-resistant bacterial infections is the misuse and overuse of antibiotics in human populations. Infection management and antibiotic decision-making are multifactorial, complex processes influenced by context and involving many actors. Social constructs including race, ethnicity, gender identity and cultural and religious practices as well as migration
- [Putting gender upfront in One Health AMR research and implementation strategies](https://gearupaction.org/tools-and-resources/putting-gender-upfront-in-one-health-amr-research-and-implementation-strategies/) - Despite a gendered approach being increasingly applied across global health challenges, this has been a notable oversight in antimicrobial resistance (AMR) research. Failing to consider the complexity of human behaviours and roles in healthcare, animal production, and environmental settings compromises programmatic effectiveness and sustainability, while risking entrenching or widening existing social disparities. Research demonstrates how
- [Gender and equity considerations in AMR research: a systematic scoping review](https://gearupaction.org/tools-and-resources/gender-and-equity-considerations-in-amr-research-a-systematic-scoping-review/) - Research on gender and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) beyond women’s biological susceptibility is limited. A gender and equity lens in AMR research is necessary to promote gender equality and support the effectiveness, uptake, and sustainability of real-world AMR solutions. We argue that it is an ethical and social justice imperative to include gender and related intersectional
- [Poster: What’s gender got to do with it?](https://gearupaction.org/tools-and-resources/poster-whats-gender-got-to-do-with-it/) - A poster taken to the 8th World One Health Congress in Cape Town by Katy Davis, Webster Mahvu and Rosie Steege, describing results from the GEAR up consortium systematic review on gender and equity in antimicrobial resistance in lower and middle income countries. We conducted a systematic scoping review of the state of knowledge on
- [Using intersectionality to study gender and antimicrobial resistance in low- and middle-income countries](https://gearupaction.org/tools-and-resources/using-intersectionality-to-study-gender-and-antimicrobial-resistance-in-low-and-middle-income-countries/) - Different sexes and genders experience differentiated risks of acquiring infections, including drug-resistant infections, and of becoming ill. Different genders also have different health-seeking behaviours that shape their likelihood of having access to and appropriately using and administering antimicrobials. Consequently, they are distinctly affected by antimicrobial resistance (AMR). As such, it is crucial to incorporate perspectives
- [WHO guidance: Addressing gender inequalities in national action plans on antimicrobial resistance](https://gearupaction.org/tools-and-resources/who-guidance-addressing-gender-inequalities-in-national-action-plans-on-antimicrobial-resistance/) - National action plans on antimicrobial resistance (AMR) often overlook the critical intersection of gender, despite evidence that exposure and susceptibility to infection, health-seeking behaviours, as well as antimicrobial prescribing and use patterns are all influenced by gender. This publication from WHO provides a summary of the evidence on AMR and gender and proposes 20 recommendations Addressing gender inequalities in national action plans on antimicrobial resistance

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