Tools and resources
Tools and
resources

Mapping socioeconomic factors driving antimicrobial resistance in humans: An umbrella review
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is one of the biggest public health challenges of our time. National Action Plans have failed so far to effectively address socioeconomic drivers of AMR, including the animal and environmental health dimensions of One Health. The objective of this paper was to map what socioeconomic drivers of AMR exist in the literature […]

Understanding gender inequities in antimicrobial resistance: role of biology, behaviour and gender norms
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses a critical public health threat, with gendered implications that are often overlooked. Key drivers of bacterial AMR include the misuse of antibiotics, inadequate water, sanitation and hygiene infrastructure and poor infection control practices. Persistent gender discrimination exacerbates these issues, resulting in disparities in healthcare access and outcomes. This review explores how biological, sociocultural and behavioural factors contribute to the differential incidence of AMR in women.

Addressing gender inequalities in national action plans on antimicrobial resistance
National action plans on antimicrobial resistance (AMR) often overlook the critical intersection of gender, despite evidence that exposure and susceptibility to infection, health-seeking behaviours, as well as antimicrobial prescribing and use patterns are all influenced by gender. This publication provides a summary of the evidence on AMR and gender and proposes 20 recommendations for policy-makers […]

Women and antimicrobial resistance
A comprehensive understanding of the public health burden imposed by antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and the development of solutions to address it are only attainable when considering all factors that impact its emergence, transmission, and control. Gender is one such factor. Read the full blog: Women and antimicrobial resisitance featured on One Health Trust in 2023.

Incorporating intersectional gender analysis into research on infectious diseases of poverty: a toolkit for health researchers
This toolkit aims to strengthen the capacity of researchers working on infectious diseases of poverty by incorporating an intersectional gender approach. The objectives of this document are to:1) strengthen the research capacity of disease-affected countries in intersectional gender approaches;2) understand and address barriers to effective and quality implementation of health interventions oriented to prevent and […]

Practical pathways to integrating gender and equity considerations in antimicrobial resistance research
‘Practical pathways to integrating gender and equity considerations in antimicrobial resistance research’ synthesises evidence on AMR, gender, and equity from both human and animal health perspectives. Functioning as an accessible resource, it was developed in collaboration with AMR researchers and global experts, drawing on practical examples and real-world experiences to ensure maximum relevance and user-friendliness. The […]

Tackling antimicrobial resistance together working paper 5.0: Enhancing the focus on gender and equity
This working paper aims to assist countries to take the first step towards better considering gender and equity issues in their efforts to tackle AMR, to inform the implementation of strategies in national action plans and contribute to improved reach and effectiveness of AMR efforts in the longer term. Unless we think about how AMR […]
Scoping the significance of gender for antibiotic resistance
This report explores the ways in which sex and gender interact with antibiotic resistance and makes the case for all actors engaged in addressing antibiotic resistance to undertake further work in this area. Given the current gap in data on both sex and gender in relation to antibiotic resistance, this is a necessary challenge which […]
Navigating sociocultural disparities in relation to infection and antibiotic resistance—the need for an intersectional approach
One of the key drivers of antibiotic resistance (ABR) and drug-resistant bacterial infections is the misuse and overuse of antibiotics in human populations. Infection management and antibiotic decision-making are multifactorial, complex processes influenced by context and involving many actors. Social constructs including race, ethnicity, gender identity and cultural and religious practices as well as migration […]
Putting gender upfront in One Health AMR research and implementation strategies
Despite a gendered approach being increasingly applied across global health challenges, this has been a notable oversight in antimicrobial resistance (AMR) research. Failing to consider the complexity of human behaviours and roles in healthcare, animal production, and environmental settings compromises programmatic effectiveness and sustainability, while risking entrenching or widening existing social disparities. Research demonstrates how […]

Mapping socioeconomic factors driving antimicrobial resistance in humans: An umbrella review
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is one of the biggest public health challenges of our time. National Action Plans have failed so far to effectively address socioeconomic drivers of AMR, including the animal and environmental health dimensions of One Health. The objective of this paper was to map what socioeconomic drivers of AMR exist in the literature […]

Understanding gender inequities in antimicrobial resistance: role of biology, behaviour and gender norms
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses a critical public health threat, with gendered implications that are often overlooked. Key drivers of bacterial AMR include the misuse of antibiotics, inadequate water, sanitation and hygiene infrastructure and poor infection control practices. Persistent gender discrimination exacerbates these issues, resulting in disparities in healthcare access and outcomes. This review explores how biological, sociocultural and behavioural factors contribute to the differential incidence of AMR in women.

Addressing gender inequalities in national action plans on antimicrobial resistance
National action plans on antimicrobial resistance (AMR) often overlook the critical intersection of gender, despite evidence that exposure and susceptibility to infection, health-seeking behaviours, as well as antimicrobial prescribing and use patterns are all influenced by gender. This publication provides a summary of the evidence on AMR and gender and proposes 20 recommendations for policy-makers […]

Women and antimicrobial resistance
A comprehensive understanding of the public health burden imposed by antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and the development of solutions to address it are only attainable when considering all factors that impact its emergence, transmission, and control. Gender is one such factor. Read the full blog: Women and antimicrobial resisitance featured on One Health Trust in 2023.

Incorporating intersectional gender analysis into research on infectious diseases of poverty: a toolkit for health researchers
This toolkit aims to strengthen the capacity of researchers working on infectious diseases of poverty by incorporating an intersectional gender approach. The objectives of this document are to:1) strengthen the research capacity of disease-affected countries in intersectional gender approaches;2) understand and address barriers to effective and quality implementation of health interventions oriented to prevent and […]

Practical pathways to integrating gender and equity considerations in antimicrobial resistance research
‘Practical pathways to integrating gender and equity considerations in antimicrobial resistance research’ synthesises evidence on AMR, gender, and equity from both human and animal health perspectives. Functioning as an accessible resource, it was developed in collaboration with AMR researchers and global experts, drawing on practical examples and real-world experiences to ensure maximum relevance and user-friendliness. The […]

Tackling antimicrobial resistance together working paper 5.0: Enhancing the focus on gender and equity
This working paper aims to assist countries to take the first step towards better considering gender and equity issues in their efforts to tackle AMR, to inform the implementation of strategies in national action plans and contribute to improved reach and effectiveness of AMR efforts in the longer term. Unless we think about how AMR […]
Scoping the significance of gender for antibiotic resistance
This report explores the ways in which sex and gender interact with antibiotic resistance and makes the case for all actors engaged in addressing antibiotic resistance to undertake further work in this area. Given the current gap in data on both sex and gender in relation to antibiotic resistance, this is a necessary challenge which […]
Navigating sociocultural disparities in relation to infection and antibiotic resistance—the need for an intersectional approach
One of the key drivers of antibiotic resistance (ABR) and drug-resistant bacterial infections is the misuse and overuse of antibiotics in human populations. Infection management and antibiotic decision-making are multifactorial, complex processes influenced by context and involving many actors. Social constructs including race, ethnicity, gender identity and cultural and religious practices as well as migration […]
Putting gender upfront in One Health AMR research and implementation strategies
Despite a gendered approach being increasingly applied across global health challenges, this has been a notable oversight in antimicrobial resistance (AMR) research. Failing to consider the complexity of human behaviours and roles in healthcare, animal production, and environmental settings compromises programmatic effectiveness and sustainability, while risking entrenching or widening existing social disparities. Research demonstrates how […]